Equipamento tradicional
As sequências de processo de chocolate descritas em livros antigos são todas semelhantes: misturar, refinar os rolos, conchear e, o último passo, reduzir a viscosidade para o processamento adicional.
As matérias primas usadas para serem misturadas em uma 'melangeur', uma panela rotatória rasa aquecida com uma parede levemente inclinada e um leito de granito, com duas pedras de moinho rotatórias grandes. Os peritos afirmam que a melangeur tradicional foi a melhor máquina de mistura de todos os tempos para fazer chocolate de qualidade.
O produto então misturado era refinado usando um refinador de rolos e então trabalhado na concha para produzir o sabor suave do chocolate; um processo demorado que geralmente podia durar mais que 72 horas. Finalmente, a manteiga de cacau e a lecitina eram adicionadas para dar viscosidade ao produto e produzir o valor necessário para o processamento adicional.
Equipamento moderno
Curiosamente, essa sequência de processo ainda é comumente aplicada. No entanto, a melangeur tradicional foi substituída pela 'Z-kneader', uma calha aquecida onde o produto é amassado por um agitador em forma de Z; os roletes do refinador de rolos ficaram maiores e podem produzir uma moagem mais fina; e as conchas modernas são mais adequadas para a homogenização, plastificação e desumidificação da massa de chocolate.
Um sistema como tal também apresenta um número de limitações:
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grandes investimentos precisam ser feitos para garantir uma linha de produção com
operação eficiente;
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as capacidades das unidades diferem; por exemplo, uma amassadeira tem uma produção diária de 50.000 kg, onde uma concha tem a capacidade de não mais de 6.000 kg/ 24 horas;
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uma quantidade de processamento anual de pelo menos 250.000 kg é necessária para
garantir a eficácia de custo;
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o processo é de trabalho altamente intenso, onde o fator de trabalho só pode ser reduzido por uma automação muito cara de alta escala;
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o consumo de energia é muito alto;
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o sistema total ocupa muito espaço.
Com essas limitações, os fabricantes desenvolveram, ao longo dos anos, uma nova geração de sistemas totais que combinam a mistura, refinaria, concheamento e padronização em um.
O primeiro refinador McIntyre, feito na Escócia, por exemplo, podia suportar apenas uma tonelada, enquanto modelos modernos têm uma produção muito maior. A figura 5.4 mostra o interior do McIntyre: um cilindro alinhado com barras finas (barras de revestimento) que formam a parede serrilhada, e equipado com barras de moagem montadas sobre molas de lâmina que giram em torno do eixo central para moer o produto contra as barras de revestimento. A máquina espanhola Lloveras é baseada no mesmo princípio.
Figura 5.4: Interior do refinador Mc Intyre
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)
Foi a holandesa Wiener, fabricante do moinho esférico usado na indústria de tintas para refinar pigmentos em óleo, que introduziu este maquinário na indústria do chocolate.
O produto é bombeado na parte inferior de um tambor vertical cilíndrico de aço endurecido e forçado para cima entre as esferas de aço de 6 Ø mm que giram em alta velocidade, para ser liberado como chocolate moído finamente na parte superior do moinho.
Wiener, Lehmann e outros fabricantes posteriormente melhoraram e estenderam o moinho esférico para uma máquina capaz de produzir chocolate de alta qualidade em um processo completo. Os sistemas são às vezes combinados, por exemplo, um refinador de rolos e um moinho esférico, ou um moinho esférico e um liquidificador.
As descrições dos métodos deste capítulo incluem, quando aplicável, uma breve discussão das vantagens e desvantagens do sistema em questão.
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